👤 Log in

17 References

References for Burden of malnutrition (Section 1). 376 references.

  1. van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MAE, Soeters PB, Reijven PLM, Allison SP, Kondrup J. Diagnosis of malnutrition: screening and assessment. In: Sobotka L, editor. Basics in clinical nutrition. 4th ed. Prague: GALEN; 2011. p. 21-22.
  2. Cederholm T, Barazzoni R, Austin P, Ballmer P, Biolo G, Bischoff SC, et al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):49-64.
  3. Elia M. Detection and management of undernutrition in the community. Report by the Malnutrition Advisory Group (a standing committee of the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). Maidenhead: BAPEN; 2000.
  4. Serón-Arbeloa C, Labarta-Monzón L, Puzo-Foncillas J, Mallor-Bonet T, Lafita-López A, Bueno-Vidales N, et al. Malnutrition screening and assessment. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2392.
  5. Compher C, Cederholm T, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Higashiguchi T, Shi HP, et al. Guidance for assessment of the muscle mass phenotypic criterion for the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition diagnosis of malnutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022;46(6):1232-1242.
  6. Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition: a consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(1):207-217.
  7. Thomas B, Bishop J, editors. Manual of dietetic practice. 4th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2007.
  8. Cederholm T, Krznaric Z, Pirlich M. Diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal diseases: recent observations from a Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition perspective. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2020;23(5):361-366.
  9. Keller H, de van der Schueren MA, GLIM Consortium, Jensen GL, Barazzoni R, Compher C, et al. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein-energy malnutrition in adults. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;44(6):992-1003.
  10. Bian W, Li Y, Wang Y, Chang L, Deng L, Li Y, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition based on Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria: completeness of diagnosis and future risk of malnutrition—systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2023.
  11. Ozer NT, Akin S, Gunes Sahin G, Sahin S. Prevalence of malnutrition diagnosed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Mini Nutritional Assessment in older adult outpatients and comparison between the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Mini Nutritional Assessment energy-protein intake: a cross-sectional study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022;46(2):367-77.
  12. Russell MK. Functional assessment of nutrition status. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(2):211-218.
  13. Joosten KF, Hulst JM. Malnutrition in pediatric hospital patients: current issues. Nutrition. 2011;27(2):133-137.
  14. Shaw V, Lawson M, editors. Clinical paediatric dietetics. 3rd ed. Oxford (UK): Blackwell; 2007.
  15. Goulet O. Growth faltering: setting the scene. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(Suppl 1):S2-S4.
  16. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. UK growth charts: fact sheet 1—what are growth charts and why do we need them? [Internet]. London: RCPCH; 2009 [cited 2011 Aug 12]. Available from: https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/What_are_growth_charts.pdf
  17. Chou JH, Roumiantsev S, Singh R. PediTools electronic growth chart calculators: applications in clinical care, research, and quality improvement. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(1):e16204.
  18. Elia M. Screening for malnutrition: a multidisciplinary responsibility. Development and use of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) for adults. Redditch (UK): BAPEN; 2003.
  19. Kondrup J, Allison SP, Elia M, Vellas B, Plauth M. ESPEN guidelines for nutrition screening 2002. Clin Nutr. 2003;22(4):415-421.
  20. House M, Gwaltney C. Malnutrition screening and diagnosis tools: implications for practice. Nutr Clin Pract. 2022;37(1):12-22.
  21. Compher CW. Diagnosing malnutrition—do we really need 6 variables? Am J Clin Nutr. 2024;119(3):597-8.
  22. Commission of the European Communities. Confronting demographic change: a new solidarity between the generations. Green paper. COM(2005)94. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities; 2005.
  23. Corish CA, Bardon LA. Malnutrition in older adults: screening and determinants. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78(3):372-379.
  24. Dent E, Hoogendijk EO, Visvanathan R, Wright ORL. Malnutrition screening and assessment in hospitalised older people: a review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2019;23(5):431-441.
  25. Elia M, Stratton RJ. Considerations for screening tool selection and role of predictive and concurrent validity. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011;14(5):425-433.
  26. Power L, Mullally D, Gibney ER, Clarke M, Visser M, Volkert D, et al. A review of the validity of malnutrition screening tools used in older adults in community and healthcare settings: a MaNuEL study. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018;24:1-13.
  27. Kondrup J, Rasmussen HH, Hamberg O, Stanga Z. Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials. Clin Nutr. 2003;22(3):321-336.
  28. Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA-SF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(6):M366-M372.
  29. Kruizenga HM, Seidell JC, de Vet HCW, Wierdsma NJ, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MAE. Development and validation of a hospital screening tool for malnutrition: the Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ). Clin Nutr. 2005;24(1):75-82.
  30. Ferguson M, Capra S, Bauer J, Banks M. Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients. Nutrition. 1999;15(6):458-464.
  31. Jeejeebhoy KN, Detsky AS, Baker JP. Assessment of nutritional status. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14(5 Suppl):193S-196S.
  32. Schindler K, Pernicka E, Laviano A, Howard P, Schutz T, Bauer P, et al. How nutritional risk is assessed and managed in European hospitals: a survey of 21 007 patients—findings from the 2007-2008 cross-sectional nutritionDay survey. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(5):552-559.
  33. Russell C, Oldale C, Elia M. Choice of nutrition screening tool and continuity of care. Clin Nutr Suppl. 2011;6(Suppl 1):74.
  34. Zemel BS, Riley EM, Stallings VA. Evaluation of methodology for nutritional assessment in children: anthropometry, body composition and energy expenditure. Annu Rev Nutr. 1997;17:211-235.
  35. Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson AA. Body mass index cut-offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ. 2007;335(7612):194-202.
  36. Sullivan PB. Malnutrition in hospitalised children. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95(7):489-490.
  37. Cross JH, Holden C, MacDonald A, Pearmain G, Stevens MC, Booth IW. Clinical examination compared with anthropometry in evaluating nutritional status. Arch Dis Child. 1995;72(1):60-61.
  38. Gerasimidis K, Keane O, Macleod I, Flynn DM, Wright CM. A four-stage evaluation of the Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score in a tertiary paediatric hospital and a district general hospital. Br J Nutr. 2010;104(5):751-756.
  39. Hulst JM, Zwart H, Hop WC, Joosten KF. Dutch national survey to test the STRONGkids nutritional risk screening tool in hospitalized children. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(1):106-11.
  40. McCarthy H, Dixon M, Crabtree I, Eaton-Evans MJ, McNulty H. Development and evaluation of the Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP). J Hum Nutr Diet. 2012;25(4):311-318.
  41. Secker DJ, Jeejeebhoy KN. Subjective global nutritional assessment for children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(4):1083-9.
  42. Sermet-Gaudelus I, Poisson-Salomon AS, Colomb V, Brusset MC, Mosser F, Berrier F, et al. Simple pediatric nutritional risk score to identify children at risk of malnutrition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(1):64-70.
  43. White M, Lawson K, Ramsey R, Dennis N, Hutchinson Z, Soh XY, et al. Simple nutrition screening tool for pediatric inpatients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(3):392-398.
  44. Gerasimidis K, Milani S, Tester A, Purcell O, Woodley C, Tsiountsioura M, et al. Multicentre development and evaluation of a dietetic referral score for nutritional risk in sick infants. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(4):1636-1642.
  45. McDonald CM. Validation of a nutrition risk screening tool for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis aged 2–20 years. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008;46(4):438-446.
  46. Keller U. Nutritional laboratory markers in malnutrition. J Clin Med. 2019;8(6):775.
  47. Muñoz-Redondo E, Morgado-Pérez A, Pérez-Sáez MJ, Faura A, Sánchez-Rodríguez D, Tejero-Sánchez M, et al. Low phase angle values are associated with malnutrition according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in kidney transplant candidates: preliminary assessment of diagnostic accuracy in the FRAILMar study. Nutrients. 2023;15(5):1084.
  48. Gerasimidis K, Macleod I, Maclean A, Buchanan E, McGrogan P, Swinbank I, et al. Performance of the novel Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score in hospital practice. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(4):430-435.
  49. Agarwal E, Ferguson M, Banks M, Bauer J, Capra S, Isenring E. Nutritional status and dietary intake of acute care patients: results from the Nutrition Care Day Survey 2010. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(1):41-47.
  50. Rocha GA, Rocha EJ, Martins CV. Effects of hospitalization on the nutritional status of children. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2006;82(1):70-74.
  51. Hankard R, Bloch J, Martin P, Randrianasolo H, Bannier MF, Machinot S, et al. Nutritional status and risk in hospitalized children. Arch Pediatr. 2001;8(11):1203-1208.
  52. Campanozzi A, Russo M, Catucci A, Rutigliano I, Canestrino G, Giardino I, et al. Hospital-acquired malnutrition in children with mild clinical conditions. Nutrition. 2009;25(5):540-7.
  53. Stratton RJ, Green CJ, Elia M. Disease-related malnutrition: an evidence-based approach to treatment. Wallingford (UK): CABI Publishing; 2003.
  54. Landi F, Camprubi-Robles M, Bear DE, Cederholm T, Malafarina V, Welch AA, et al. Muscle loss: the new malnutrition challenge in clinical practice. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(5):2113-2120.
  55. Kirk B, Cawthon PM, Arai H, Ávila-Funes JA, Barazzoni R, Bhasin S, et al. The conceptual definition of sarcopenia: Delphi consensus from the Global Leadership Initiative in Sarcopenia (GLIS). Age Ageing. 2024;53(3):afae052.
  56. Kirk B, Cawthon PM, Arai H, Ávila-Funes JA, Barazzoni R, Bhasin S, et al. Executive summary of the global conceptual definition of sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2024;36(1):153.
  57. Jackson C, Gaugris S, Sen SS, Hosking D. Effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) on risk of fall and fracture: a meta-analysis. QJM. 2007;100(4):185-192.
  58. Broe KE, Chen TC, Weinberg J, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Holick MF, Kiel DP. Higher-dose vitamin D reduces risk of falls in nursing-home residents: a randomised, multiple-dose study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(2):234-239.
  59. Wicherts IS, van Schoor NM, Boeke AJP, Visser M, Deeg DJH, Smit J, et al. Vitamin D status predicts physical performance and its decline in older persons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(6):2058-2065.
  60. Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, Shaw AC, Deraska DJ, Kitch BT, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(12):777-783.
  61. Shinchuk LM, Morse LR, Huancahuari N, Arum SM, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis in rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(7):904-908.
  62. Bang UC, Semb S, Nordgaard-Lassen I, Jensen JE. Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and association with bone markers in hospitalised patients: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Nutr Res. 2009;29(9):671-675.
  63. Finch S, Doyle W, Lowe C, Bates CJ, Prentice A, Smithers G. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: people aged 65 years and over. Vol. 1. London: The Stationery Office; 1998.
  64. Lumbers M, New SA, Gibson S, Murphy MC. Nutritional status in elderly female hip-fracture patients: comparison with an age-matched home-living group attending day centres. Br J Nutr. 2001;85(6):733-740.
  65. Botero L, Young AM, Banks MD, Bauer J. Incidence and criteria used in the diagnosis of hospital-acquired malnutrition in adults: a systematic review and pooled incidence analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023;77(1):23-35.
  66. Kondrup J, Johansen N, Plum LM, Bak L, Larsen IH, Martinsen A, et al. Incidence of nutritional risk and causes of inadequate nutritional care in hospitals. Clin Nutr. 2002;21(6):461-8.
  67. Rasmussen HH, Kondrup J, Staun M, Ladefoged K, Kristensen H, Wengler A. Prevalence of patients at nutritional risk in Danish hospitals. Clin Nutr. 2004;23(5):1009-1015.
  68. Bavelaar JW, Otter CD, van Bodegraven AA, Thijs A, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MAE. Diagnosis and treatment of disease-related in-hospital malnutrition: performance of medical and nursing staff. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(3):431-438.
  69. Adams NE, Bowie AJ, Simmance N, Murray M, Crowe TC. Recognition by medical and nursing professionals of malnutrition and risk of malnutrition in elderly hospitalised patients by medical and nursing professionals. Nutr Diet. 2008;65(2):144-150.
  70. Vanderwee K, Clays E, Bocquaert I, Verhaeghe S, Lardennois M, Gobert M, et al. Malnutrition and nutritional care practices in hospital wards for older people. J Adv Nurs. 2011;67(4):736-46.
  71. Lamb CA, Parr J, Lamb EI, Warren MD. Adult malnutrition screening, prevalence and management in a United Kingdom hospital: cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr. 2009;102(4):571-5.
  72. Russell C, Elia M. Nutrition Screening Week in the UK and Republic of Ireland in 2011: hospitals, care homes and mental health units. Redditch (UK): BAPEN; 2012.
  73. Lim SL, Ong KC, Chan YH, Loke WC, Ferguson M, Daniels L. Malnutrition and its impact on cost of hospitalization, length of stay, readmission and 3-year mortality. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(3):345-50.
  74. Marco J, Barba R, Zapatero A, Matia P, Plaza S, Losa JE, et al. Prevalence of the notification of malnutrition in the departments of internal medicine and its prognostic implications. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(4):450-4.
  75. Khalatbari-Soltani S, Marques-Vidal P. Impact of nutritional risk screening in hospitalized patients on management, outcome and costs: a retrospective study. Clin Nutr. 2016;35:1340-6.
  76. Riddle E, Munoz N, Clark K, Collins N, Coltman A, Nasrallah L, et al. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults living in long-term care or the community: an evidence-based nutrition practice guideline. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2024;124(7):896-916.
  77. Cederholm T, Bosaeus I. Malnutrition in adults. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):155-65.
  78. Leistra E, Neelemaat F, Evers AM, van Zandvoort MH, Weijs PJ, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, et al. Prevalence of undernutrition in Dutch hospital outpatients. Eur J Intern Med. 2009;20(5):509-13.
  79. Meijers JM, Halfens RJ, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Dassen T, Schols JM. Malnutrition in Dutch health care: prevalence, prevention, treatment, and quality indicators. Nutrition. 2009;25(5):512-9.
  80. van Nie-Visser NC, Meijers JM, Bartholomeyczik S, Lohrmann C, Reuther S, Schols JMG, et al. Comparing prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional care in care homes in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. Clin Nutr Suppl. 2009;4(2):45.
  81. Parsons EL, Stratton RJ, Elia M. An audit of the use of oral nutritional supplements in care homes in Hampshire. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E197.
  82. Cawood AL, Smith A, Dalrymple-Smith J, Bolch R, Pickles S, Stratton RJ. Prevalence of malnutrition and use of nutritional support in Peterborough Primary Care Trust. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2008;2(4):384.
  83. Volkert D, asglitz C, Gueldenzoph H, Sieber CC, Stehle P. Undiagnosed malnutrition and nutrition-related problems in geriatric patients. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010;14(5):387-92.
  84. Guest JF, Panca M, Baeyens JP, de Man F, Ljungqvist O, Pichard C, et al. Health economic impact of managing patients following a community-based diagnosis of malnutrition in the UK. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(4):422-9.
  85. Streicher M. Who receives oral nutritional supplements in nursing homes? Results from the nutritionDay project. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1422.
  86. Klanjšek P, Pajnkihar M, Marčun Varda N, Močnik M, Golob Jančič S, Povalej Bržan P. Development and validation of a new screening tool with non-invasive indicators for assessment of malnutrition risk in hospitalised children. Children (Basel). 2022;9(5):731.
  87. Pawellek I, Dokoupil K, Koletzko B. Prevalence of malnutrition in paediatric hospital patients. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(1):72-6.
  88. Carey AM, McClelland D, McCarthy H, McNulty H. Current nutrition-related practices in paediatrics throughout the UK and Ireland: the Children’s Nutrition Survey, a pilot study. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E524.
  89. Marteletti O, Caldari D, Guimber D, Mention K, Michaud L, Gottrand F. Malnutrition screening in hospitalized children: influence of the hospital unit on its management. Arch Pediatr. 2005;12(8):1226-31.
  90. Colletti RB, Baldassano RN, Milov DE, Margolis PA, Bousvaros A, Crandall WV, et al. Variation in care in pediatric Crohn’s disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009;49(3):297-303.
  91. Ladas EJ, Sacks N, Brophy P, Rogers PC. Standards of nutritional care in pediatric oncology: results from a nationwide survey on the standards of practice in pediatric oncology. A Children’s Oncology Group study. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;46(3):339-44.
  92. Glatt D, Hughes C, McCarthy O, O'Shea F, Brougham MF, Wilson DC, et al. Nutritional screening and assessment of paediatric cancer patients: a quality improvement project (baseline results). Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:242-52.
  93. Russell C, Elia M. Nutrition Screening Week in the UK and Republic of Ireland in 2010. Hospitals, care homes and mental health units. Redditch: BAPEN; 2011.
  94. Cass AR, Charlton KE. Prevalence of hospital-acquired malnutrition and modifiable determinants of nutritional deterioration during inpatient admissions: a systematic review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022;35(6):1043-58.
  95. Keller H, Payette H, Laporte M, Bernier P, Allard J, Duerksen D, et al. Patient-reported dietetic care post hospital for free-living patients: A Canadian Malnutrition Task Force Study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017;31:33-40.
  96. Laur C, Curtis L, Dubin J, McNicholl T, Valaitis R, Douglas P, et al. Nutrition care after discharge from Hospital: an exploratory analysis from the More-2-Eat study. Healthcare (Basel). 2018;6(1):9.
  97. Malone A, Mogensen KM. Key approaches to diagnosing malnutrition in adults. Nutr Clin Pract. 2022;37(1):23-34.
  98. Norman K, Haß U, Pirlich M. Malnutrition in older adults—recent advances and remaining challenges. Nutrients. 2021;13(8):2764.
  99. Uhl S, Siddique SM, McKeever L, Bloschichak A, D’Anci K, Leas B, et al. Malnutrition in hospitalized adults: a systematic review [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2021.
  100. Visser J, Cederholm T, Philips L, Blaauw R. Prevalence and related assessment practices of adult hospital malnutrition in Africa: A scoping review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023;58:536.
  101. Boaz M, Kaufman-Shriqui V. Systematic review and Meta-analysis: Malnutrition and In-Hospital death in adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2023;15(5):1298.
  102. Meijers JM, Schols JM, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Dassen T, Janssen MA, Halfens RJ. Malnutrition prevalence in The Netherlands: results of the annual Dutch national prevalence measurement of care problems. Br J Nutr. 2009;101(3):417-23.
  103. Imoberdorf R, Meier R, Krebs P, Hangartner PJ, Hess B, Staubli M, et al. Prevalence of undernutrition on admission to Swiss hospitals. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(1):38-41.
  104. Russell C, Elia M. Nutrition screening survey and audit of adults on admission to hospitals, care homes and mental health units. Redditch: BAPEN; 2008.
  105. Russell C, Elia M. Nutrition Screening Survey in the UK in 2008: Hospitals, Care Homes and Mental Health Units. Redditch: BAPEN; 2009.
  106. Stratton R, Beggs E, Holmes E, Burden S, Cawood A. National survey of malnutrition and nutritional care in adults. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(11):5469.
  107. Ostrowska J, Sulz I, Tarantino S, Hiesmayr M, Szostak-Węgierek D. Hospital malnutrition, nutritional risk factors, and elements of nutritional care in Europe: comparison of polish results with all European countries participating in the nDay survey. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):263.
  108. Sauer AC, Goates S, Malone A, Mogensen KM, Gewirtz G, Sulz I, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition risk and the impact of nutrition risk on hospital outcomes: results from nutritionDay in the US. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2019;43(7):918-26.
  109. Correia MIT, Sulo S, Brunton C, Sulz I, Rodriguez D, Gomez G, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition risk and its association with mortality: nutritionDay Latin America survey results. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(9):5114-21.
  110. Weiss AJ, Fingar K, Barrett M, et al. Characteristics of Hospital Stays Involving Malnutrition, 2013. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Brief #210. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2016.
  111. Guenter P, Abdelhadi R, Anthony P, Blackmer A, Malone A, Mirtallo JM, et al. Malnutrition diagnoses and associated outcomes in hospitalized patients: United States, 2018. Nutr Clin Pract. 2021;36(5):957-69.
  112. Inciong JFB, Chaudhary A, Hsu HS, Joshi R, Seo JM, Trung LV, et al. Economic burden of hospital malnutrition: A cost-of-illness model. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2022;48:342-50.
  113. Cuervo M, Garcia A, Ansorena D, Sanchez-Villegas A, Martinez-Gonzalez M, Astiasaran I, et al. Nutritional assessment interpretation on 22,007 Spanish community-dwelling elders through the Mini Nutritional Assessment test. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(1):82-90.
  114. Pirlich M, Schutz T, Norman K, Gastell S, Lubke HJ, Bischoff SC, et al. The German hospital malnutrition study. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(4):563-72.
  115. Elia M, Stratton RJ. Geographical inequalities in nutrient status and risk of malnutrition among English people aged 65 y and older. Nutrition. 2005;21(11-12):1100-6.
  116. Martinez Olmos MA, Martinez Vazquez MJ, Martinez-Puga Lopaz E, del Campo Perez V. Nutritional status study of inpatients in hospitals of Galicia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(8):938-46.
  117. Kyle UG, Unger P, Mensi N, Genton L, Pichard C. Nutrition status in patients younger and older than 60 y at hospital admission: a controlled population study in 995 subjects. Nutrition. 2002;18(6):463-9.
  118. Lucchin L, D’Amicis A, Gentile MG, Battistini NC, Fusco MA, Palmo A, et al. An Italian investigation on nutritional risk at hospital admission: The PIMAI (Project: Iatrogenic Malnutrition in Italy) study. e-SPEN J. 2009;4:e199-e202.
  119. De Luis DA, Lopez MR, Gonzalez SM, Lopez Trigo JA, Mora PF, Castrodeza SJ. Nutritional status in a multicenter study among institutionalized patients in Spain. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011;15(3):259-65.
  120. Gaskill D, Black LJ, Isenring EA, Hassall S, Sanders F, Bauer JD. Malnutrition prevalence and nutrition issues in residential aged care facilities. Australas J Ageing. 2008;27(4):189-94.
  121. Banks M, Ash S, Bauer J, Gaskill D. Prevalence of malnutrition in adults in Queensland public hospitals and residential aged care facilities. Nutr Diet. 2007;64(3):172-8.
  122. Elia M, Russell C. Combating Malnutrition: Recommendations for action. Report from the Advisory Group on Malnutrition, Led by BAPEN. Redditch: BAPEN; 2009.
  123. Cansado P, Ravasco P, Camilo M. A longitudinal study of hospital undernutrition in the elderly: comparison of four validated methods. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(2):159-64.
  124. Kaiser MJ, Bauer JM, Ramsch C, Uter W, Guigoz Y, Cederholm T, et al. Frequency of malnutrition in older adults: a multinational perspective using the mini nutritional assessment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(9):1734-8.
  125. Orsitto G, Fulvio F, Tria D, Turi V, Venezia A, Manca C. Nutritional status in hospitalized elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(1):100-2.
  126. Cereda E, Pedrolli C, Klersy C, Bonardi C, Quarleri L, Cappello S, et al. Nutritional status in older persons according to healthcare setting: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence data using MNA®. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(6):1282-90.
  127. O’shea E, Trawley S, Manning E, Barrett A, Browne V, Timmons S. Malnutrition in hospitalised older adults: a multicentre observational study of prevalence, associations and outcomes. J Nutr Health Aging. 2017;21(7):830-6.
  128. Leij-Halfwerk S, Verwijs MH, van Houdt S, Borkent JW, Guaitoli PR, Pelgrim T, et al. Prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition risk in European older adults in community, residential and hospital settings, according to 22 malnutrition screening tools validated for use in adults ≥ 65 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2019;126:80-9.
  129. Ligthart-Melis GC, Luiking YC, Kakourou A, Cederholm T, Maier AB, de van der Schueren MA. Frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition frequently (co-) occur in hospitalized older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(9):1216-28.
  130. Liu R, Shao W, Sun N, Lai JKL, Zhou L, Ren M, et al. Prevalence and the factors associated with malnutrition risk in elderly Chinese inpatients. Aging Med (Milton). 2021;4(2):120-7.
  131. Bryce J, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Black RE. WHO estimates of the causes of death in children. Lancet. 2005;365(9465):1147-52.
  132. World Health Organization. Malnutrition [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition
  133. Carvalho-Salemi J, Phillips W, Vega MW, Swanson J, Becker PJ, Salemi JL. Malnutrition among hospitalized children in the United States: a 2012-2019 update of annual trends. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2023;123(1):109-16.
  134. de Onis M, Blossner M, Borghi E, Frongillo EA, Morris R. Estimates of global prevalence of childhood underweight in 1990 and 2015. JAMA. 2004;291(21):2600-6.
  135. Arndt MB, Abate YH, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, et al. Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024;404(10471):2543-83.
  136. Malekiantaghi A, AsnaAshari K, Shabani-Mirzaee H, Vigeh M, Sadatinezhad M, Eftekhari K. Evaluation of the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized children by PYMS, STAMP, and STRONGkids tools and comparison with their anthropometric indices: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):33.
  137. Hulst JM, de Lange A, DaSilva K, Owens J, Bannister L, Beaulieu J, et al. Malnutrition care in hospitalized pediatric inpatients: comparison of perceptions and experiences across two pediatric academic health sciences centres. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024;49(5):712-7.
  138. Groleau V, Babakissa C. Prevalence, impact and management of malnutrition in pediatrics unit. WCPGHAN 3 - World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition 2008:1009.
  139. Mahdavi AM, Safaiyan A, Ostadrahimi A. Subjective vs objective nutritional assessment study in children: a cross-sectional study in the northwest of Iran. Nutr Res. 2009;29(4):269-74.
  140. Wildham K, Rashidian F, Emminger W, Huber WD, Bariss-Riedl M, Fritsch M, et al. Malnutrition in hospitalized children aged 3-18 years. Journal für Ernährungsmedizin. 2007;9(2):13-7.
  141. Joosten KF, Zwart H, Hop WC, Hulst JM. National malnutrition screening days in hospitalised children in The Netherlands. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95(2):141-5.
  142. Horvath A, Dziechciarz P, Chmielewska A, Kossak I, Patro B, Ruszczynski M, et al. Nutritional status of hospitalised children. WCPGHAN 3 - World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition 2008:875.
  143. Dogan Y, Erkan T, Yalvac S, Altay S, Cokugras FC, Aydin A, et al. Nutritional status of patients hospitalized in pediatric clinic. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2005;16(4):212-6.
  144. Ozturk Y, Buyukgebiz B, Arslan N, Ellidokuz H. Effects of hospital stay on nutritional anthropometric data in Turkish children. J Trop Pediatr. 2003;49(3):189-90.
  145. Jimenez R, Fumero RA, Dominguez R, Santlana S. Hospital-based malnutrition: Main characteristics in the Juan Manuel Marquez Pediatric University Hospital, Havana, Cuba. WCPGHAN 3 - World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition 2008:877.
  146. Marino L, Goddard E, Workman L. Determining the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalised paediatric patients. S Afr Med J. 2006;96(9):993-5.
  147. Fernandez M, Ferraro AA, Antheo de Azevedo R, Neto UF. Evaluation and follow up of the nutritional status of children hospitalized in a general paediatric unit on the outskirts of the city of Sao Paulo. WCPGHAN 3 - World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Nutrition 2008:850.
  148. Aurangzeb B, Whitten KE, Harrison B, Mitchell M, Kepreotes H, Sidler M, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition and risk of under-nutrition in hospitalized children. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(1):35-40.
  149. Hecht CB. Malnutrition prevalence, screening and outcome in hospitalised children in Europe: a prospective multicentre cohort study [dissertation]. Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität; 2019.
  150. Tsutsumiuchi K, Wakabayashi H, Maeda K, Shamoto H. Impact of malnutrition on post-stroke cognitive impairment in convalescent rehabilitation ward inpatients. Eur Geriatr Med. 2021;12:167-74.
  151. Orel A, Homan M, Benedik E, Orel R, Mis NF. Nutrition of patients with severe neurologic impairment. Radiol Oncol. 2017;52(1):83.
  152. Han TS, Yeong K, Lisk R, Fluck D, Fry CH. Prevalence and consequences of malnutrition and malnourishment in older individuals admitted to hospital with a hip fracture. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2021;75(4):645-52.
  153. Iorember FM. Malnutrition in chronic kidney disease. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:161.
  154. Boslooper-Meulenbelt K, van Vliet IM, Gomes-Neto AW, de Jong MF, Bakker SJ, Jager-Wittenaar H, et al. Malnutrition according to GLIM criteria in stable renal transplant recipients: reduced muscle mass as predominant phenotypic criterion. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(5):3522-30.
  155. Martínez-Quintana E, Sánchez-Matos MM, Estupiñán-León H, Rojas-Brito AB, González-Martín JM, Rodríguez-González F, et al. Malnutrition is independently associated with an increased risk of major cardiovascular events in adult patients with congenital heart disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021;31(2):481-8.
  156. Beser OF, Cokugras FC, Erkan T, Kutlu T, Yagci RV, Ertem D, et al. Evaluation of malnutrition development risk in hospitalized children. Nutrition. 2018;48:40-7.
  157. Saengnipanthkul S, Apiraksakorn A, Densupsoontorn N, Chongviriyaphan N. Prevalence and risk factors for pediatric acute and chronic malnutrition: A multi-site tertiary medical center study in Thailand. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2023;32(1):85-92.
  158. Cass AR, Charlton KE. Prevalence of hospital-acquired malnutrition and modifiable determinants of nutritional deterioration during inpatient admissions: A systematic review of the evidence. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022;35(6):1043-58.
  159. Graeb F, Wolke R. Malnutrition and inadequate eating behaviour during hospital stay in geriatrics—an explorative analyses of nutritionday data in two hospitals. Nurs Rep. 2021;11(4):929-41.
  160. Saengnipanthkul S, Chongviriyaphan N, Densupsoontorn N, Apiraksakorn A, Chaiyarit J, Kunnangja S, et al. Hospital-acquired malnutrition in paediatric patients: a multicentre trial focusing on prevalence, risk factors, and impact on clinical outcomes. Eur J Pediatr. 2021;180:1761-7.
  161. Koc EM, Can H, Alacacioglu A, Kucukzeybek Y, Turan S, Bilgin B, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition/malnutrition risk in cancer patients: experience of an oncology outpatient clinic in Turkey. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2018;3(1):39-44.
  162. Rust S, Cawood AL, Walters E, Stratton RJ, Elia M. Prevalence of malnutrition in hospital outpatients. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E150.
  163. Neelemaat F, Kruizenga HM, de Vet HC, Seidell JC, Butterman M, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA. Screening malnutrition in hospital outpatients. Can the SNAQ malnutrition screening tool also be applied to this population? Clin Nutr. 2008;27(3):439-46.
  164. Bozzetti F. Screening the nutritional status in oncology: a preliminary report on 1,000 outpatients. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(3):279-84.
  165. Renshaw GL, Barrett RA, Chowdhury S. The incidence of the risk of malnutrition in adult medical oncology outpatients and commonly-associated symptoms. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2008;21(4):399-400.
  166. Steer B, Loeliger J, Edbrooke L, Deftereos I, Laing E, Kiss N. Malnutrition prevalence according to the GLIM criteria in head and neck cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3493.
  167. Deng M, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Bian Y, Zhou X, Hou G. Global prevalence of malnutrition in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Systemic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2023;42(6):848-58.
  168. Collins PF, Stratton RJ, Kurukulaaratchy R, Warwick H, Cawood AL, Elia M. Prevalence of malnutrition in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E147.
  169. Vermeeren MA, Creutzberg EC, Schols AM, Postma DS, Pieters WR, Roldaan AC, et al. Prevalence of nutritional depletion in a large out-patient population of patients with COPD. Respir Med. 2006;100(8):1349-55.
  170. Collins PF, Elia M, Kurukulaaratchy RJ, Stratton RJ. The influence of deprivation on malnutrition risk in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clin Nutr. 2018;37(1):144-8.
  171. Stratton RJ, Hackston A, Longmore D, Dixon R, Price S, Stroud M, et al. Malnutrition in hospital outpatients and inpatients: prevalence, concurrent validity and ease of use of the ‘malnutrition universal screening tool’ (‘MUST’) for adults. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(5):799-808.
  172. Kamperidis N, Tesser L, Wolfson P, Toms C, Katechia K, Robinson D, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition in medical and surgical gastrointestinal outpatients. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;35:188-93.
  173. Halil M, Kalan Z, Ulger Z, Yavuz B, Cankurtaran M, Gungor E, et al. Malnutrition risk and related factors in a group of Turkish elderly. Clin Nutr. 2009;4(Suppl 2):44.
  174. Bhaumik S, Watson JM, Thorp CF, Tyrer F, McGrother CW. Body mass index in adults with intellectual disability: distribution, associations and service implications: a population-based prevalence study. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2008;52(Pt 4):287-98.
  175. Rotenberg S, Chen S, Hunt X, Smythe T, Kuper H. Are children with disabilities more likely to be malnourished than children without disabilities? Evidence from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys in 30 countries. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2024;7(1):38.
  176. Tsai AC, Chou YT, Chang TL. Usefulness of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in predicting the nutritional status of people with mental disorders in Taiwan. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20(3-4):341-50.
  177. Fashho E, Ahmed T, Garden G, Readman D, Storey L, Wilkinson L, et al. Investigating the prevalence of malnutrition, frailty and physical disability and the association between them amongst older care home residents. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;40:231-6.
  178. Suominen MH, Sandelin E, Soini H, Pitkala KH. How well do nurses recognize malnutrition in elderly patients? Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009;63(2):292-6.
  179. Valentini L, Schindler K, Schlaffer R, Bucher H, Mouhieddine M, Steininger K, et al. The first NutritionDay in nursing homes: participation may improve malnutrition awareness. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(2):109-16.
  180. Alhamdan AA. Nutritional status of Saudi males living in the Riyadh nursing home. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(4):372-6.
  181. Bourdel-Marchasson I, Rolland C, Jutand MA, Egea C, Baratchart B, Barberger-Gateau P. Undernutrition in geriatric institutions in South-West France: policies and risk factors. Nutrition. 2009;25(2):155-64.
  182. Volkert D, Pauly L, Stehle P, Sieber CC. Prevalence of malnutrition in orally and tube-fed elderly nursing home residents in Germany and its relation to health complaints and dietary intake. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:247315.
  183. Smoliner C, Norman K, Wagner KH, Hartig W, Lochs H, Pirlich M. Malnutrition and depression in the institutionalised elderly. Br J Nutr. 2009;102(11):1663-7.
  184. Norman K, Smoliner C, Valentini L, Lochs H, Pirlich M. Is bioelectrical impedance vector analysis of value in the elderly with malnutrition and impaired functionality? Nutrition. 2007;23(7-8):564-9.
  185. Santomauro F, Olimpi N, Baggiani L, Comodo N, Mantero S, Bonaccorsi G. Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis and Mini Nutritional Assessment in elderly nursing home residents. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(3):163-7.
  186. Pezzana A, Borgio C, Rosolin N, Amerio M. Survey on prevention, early screening and treatment of malnutrition in elderly homes. Clin Nutr. 2009;4(Suppl 2):39.
  187. Ruiz-Lopez MD, Artacho R, Oliva P, Moreno-Torres R, Bolanos J, de Teresa C, et al. Nutritional risk in institutionalized older women determined by the Mini Nutritional Assessment test: what are the main factors? Nutrition. 2003;19(9):767-71.
  188. Chang CC, Roberts BL. Malnutrition and feeding difficulty in Taiwanese older with dementia. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20(15-16):2153-61.
  189. Lelovics Z, Bozo RK, Lampek K, Figler M. Results of nutritional screening in institutionalized elderly in Hungary. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;49(1):190-6.
  190. Fashho E, Ahmed T, Garden G, Readman D, Storey L, Wilkinson L, et al. Investigating the prevalence of malnutrition, frailty and physical disability and the association between them amongst older care home residents. Clin Nutr Espen. 2020;40:231-6.
  191. Arifin H, Chen R, Banda KJ, Kustanti CY, Chang CY, Lin HC, et al. Meta-analysis and moderator analysis of the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition risk among older adults with dementia. Int J Nurs Stud. 2024;150:104648.
  192. Mostafa N, Sayed A, Rashad O, Baqal O. Malnutrition-related mortality trends in older adults in the United States from 1999 to 2020. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):421.
  193. Gaskill D, Isenring EA, Black LJ, Hassall S, Bauer JD. Maintaining nutrition in aged care residents with a train-the-trainer intervention and Nutrition Coordinator. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(10):913-7.
  194. Sánchez-Rodríguez D, Marco E, Schott AM, Rolland Y, Blain H, Vázquez-Ibar O, et al. Malnutrition according to ESPEN definition predicts long-term mortality in general older population: Findings from the EPIDOS study-Toulouse cohort. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(6):2652-8.
  195. Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Sulo S, Carnicero JA, Rueda R, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Malnutrition prevalence and burden on healthcare resource use among Spanish community-living older adults: results of a longitudinal analysis. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2020;12:355-67.
  196. O’Dwyer C, Corish CA, Timonen V. Nutritional status of Irish older people in receipt of meals-on-wheels and the nutritional content of meals provided. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2009;22(6):521-7.
  197. Skinner RA, Dugdale C, Crowe C, Fenlon D, Flaherty J, Fletcher A. Tackling malnutrition in the community, by review of the hot delivered meals service. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69(OCE2):E183.
  198. Ralph AF, Cawood AL, Hubbard GP, Stratton RJ. Prevalence of malnutrition in Sheltered Housing Schemes in Wiltshire and Somerset. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E206.
  199. Vikstedt T, Suominen MH, Joki A, Muurinen S, Soini H, Pitkala KH. Nutritional status, energy, protein, and micronutrient intake of older service house residents. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011;12(4):302-7.
  200. Odlund Olin A, Koochek A, Cederholm T, Ljungqvist O. Minimal effect on energy intake by additional evening meal for frail elderly service flat residents - a pilot study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12(5):295-301.
  201. Odlund Olin A, Koochek A, Ljungqvist O, Cederholm T. Nutritional status, well-being and functional ability in frail elderly service flat residents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(2):263-70.
  202. Schilp J, Kruizenga HM, Evers AM, Leistra E, Wijnhoven HA, van Binsbergen JJ. Prevalence rates of undernutrition in three samples of dutch community-dwelling older individuals. Clin Nutr Suppl. 2011;6(Suppl 1):84.
  203. McGurk P, Cawood AL, Walters E, Warwick H, Stratton RJ, Elia M. The prevalence of malnutrition in general practice. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011;70(OCE5):E267.
  204. Mikkelsen S, Geisler L, Holst M. Malnutrition measured by unintended weight loss among patients in general practice. Nutrition. 2022;96:111554.
  205. Henry L. Effect of malnutrition on cancer patients. In: Shaw C, editor. Nutrition and Cancer. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 45-82.
  206. Song C, Shi H. Diagnosis of malnutrition in cancer patients. Cancer Biol Med. 2024;20(12):963.
  207. Fearon KC, Voss AC, Hustead DS. Definition of cancer cachexia: effect of weight loss, reduced food intake, and systemic inflammation on functional status and prognosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(6):1345-50.
  208. Bozzetti F, Arends J, Lundholm K, Micklewright A, Zurcher G, Muscaritoli M. ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clin Nutr. 2009;28(4):445-54.
  209. Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011;12(5):489-95.
  210. Bozzetti F, Mariani L. Defining and classifying cancer cachexia: a proposal by the SCRINIO Working Group. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009;33(4):361-7.
  211. Huhmann MB, Cunningham RS. Importance of nutritional screening in treatment of cancer-related weight loss. Lancet Oncol. 2005;6(5):334-43.
  212. Pressoir M, Desne S, Berchery D, Rossignol G, Poiree B, Meslier M, et al. Prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of malnutrition in French Comprehensive Cancer Centres. Br J Cancer. 2010;102(6):966-71.
  213. Streicher M, van Zwienen-Pot J, Bardon L, Nagel G, Teh R, Meisinger C, et al. Determinants of incident malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults: a MaNuEL multicohort meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66(12):2335-43.
  214. Pirlich M, Schutz T, Kemps M, Luhman N, Burmester GR, Baumann G, et al. Prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized medical patients: impact of underlying disease. Dig Dis. 2003;21(3):245-51.
  215. Halpern-Silveira D, Susin LR, Borges LR, Paiva SI, Assuncao MC, Gonzalez MC. Body weight and fat-free mass changes in a cohort of patients receiving chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2010;18(5):617-25.
  216. Kadakia KC, Symanowski JT, Aktas A, Szafranski ML, Salo JC, Meadors PL, et al. Malnutrition risk at solid tumor diagnosis: the malnutrition screening tool in a large US cancer institute. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30:5827-34.
  217. Segura A, Pardo J, Jara C, Zugazabeitia L, Carulla J, de Las Peñas R, et al. An epidemiological evaluation of the prevalence of malnutrition in Spanish patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer. Clin Nutr. 2005;24(5):801-14.
  218. Orrevall Y, Tishelman C, Permert J, Cederholm T. Nutritional support and risk status among cancer patients in palliative home care services. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(2):153-61.
  219. Chute CG, Greenberg ER, Baron J, Korson R, Baker J, Yates J. Presenting conditions of 1539 population based lung cancer patients by cell type and stage in New Hampshire and Vermont. Cancer. 1985;56(8):2107-11.
  220. Lv S, Ru S. The prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on the all-cause mortality among patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021;16(10):e0259300.
  221. Kacprzyk KW, Milewska M, Zarnowska A, Panczyk M, Rokicka G, Szostak-Wegierek D. Prevalence of malnutrition in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2022;14(23):5194.
  222. Fu J, Li Z, Wang F, Yu K. Prevalence of malnutrition/malnutrition risk and nutrition-related risk factors among patients with Parkinson’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci. 2022;25(10):2228-38.
  223. Viganò C, Palermo A, Mulinacci G, Pirola L, Losco A, Meucci G, et al. Prevalence of disease-related malnutrition and micronutrients deficit in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a multicentric cross-sectional study by the GSMII (inflammatory bowel disease study group). Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2024;30(7):1112-20.
  224. Shaw V. Clinical Paediatric Dietetics. 5th ed. Wiley; 2020.
  225. Gibbons T, Fuchs GJ. Malnutrition: a hidden problem in hospitalized children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2009;48(4):356-61.
  226. Barton AD, Beigg CL, Macdonald IA, Allison SP. High food wastage and low nutritional intakes in hospital patients. Clin Nutr. 2000;19(6):445-9.
  227. Walton K, Williams P, Tapsell L, Batterham M. Rehabilitation inpatients are not meeting their energy and protein needs. e-SPEN J. 2007;2:e120-6.
  228. Dupertuis YM, Kossovsky MP, Kyle UG, Raguso CA, Genton L, Pichard C. Food intake in 1707 hospitalised patients: a prospective comprehensive hospital survey. Clin Nutr. 2003;22(2):115-23.
  229. Curtis LJ, Valaitis R, Laur C, McNicholl T, Nasser R, Keller H. Low food intake in hospital: patient, institutional, and clinical factors. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2018;43(12):1239-46.
  230. Kontogianni MD, Poulia KA, Bersimis F, Sulz I, Schindler K, Hiesmayr M, et al. Exploring factors influencing dietary intake during hospitalization: Results from analyzing nutritionDay's database (2006-2013). Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2020;38:263-70.
  231. Böhne SEJ, Hiesmayr M, Sulz I, nutritionDay Consortium. Recent and current low food intake: Prevalence and associated factors in hospital patients from different medical specialties. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022;76:1440-8.
  232. Patel MD, Martin FC. Why don’t elderly hospital inpatients eat adequately? J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12(4):227-31.
  233. Westergren A, Lindholm C, Axelsson C, Ulander K. Prevalence of eating difficulties and malnutrition among persons within hospital care and special accommodations. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12(1):39-43.
  234. Skolin I, Wahlin YB, Broman DA, Koivisto Hursti UK, Vikstrom LM, Hernell O. Altered food intake and taste perception in children with cancer after start of chemotherapy: perspectives of children, parents and nurses. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(4):369-78.
  235. Selwood K, Ward E, Gibson F. Assessment and management of nutritional challenges in children’s cancer care: a survey of current practice in the United Kingdom. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2010;14(5):439-46.
  236. Mudge AM, Ross LJ, Young AM, Isenring EA, Banks MD. Helping understand nutritional gaps in the elderly (HUNGER): a prospective study of patient factors associated with inadequate nutritional intake in older medical inpatients. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(3):320-5.
  237. Beavan S, Baker R, Sadler H, Collinson A. Improving the nutritional intake of hospital patients: how far have we come? A re-audit. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2019;32(3):372-84.
  238. Murphy MC, Brooks CN, New SA, Lumbers ML. The use of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool in elderly orthopaedic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54(7):555-62.
  239. Leistra E, Willeboordse F, van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren MA, Visser M, Weijs PJ, Haans-van den Oord A, et al. Predictors for achieving protein and energy requirements in undernourished hospital patients. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(4):484-9.
  240. Blanquet M, Guiguet-Auclair C, Berland P, Ducher G, Sauvage A, Dadet S, et al. Are energy and protein intakes lower than requirements in older adults? An urgent issue in hospitals and nursing homes. Nutrients. 2023;15(15):3307.
  241. Torbahn G, Sulz I, Großhauser F, Hiesmayr MJ, Kiesswetter E, Schindler K, et al. Predictors of incident malnutrition - a nutritionDay analysis in 11,923 nursing home residents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022;76(3):382-8.
  242. Besora-Moreno M, Llauradó E, Tarro L, Solà R. Social and economic factors and malnutrition or the risk of malnutrition in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):737.
  243. Corish CA, Bardon LA. Malnutrition in older adults: Screening and determinants. Proc Nutr Soc. 2018;78(3):372-9.
  244. Almohaisen N, Gittins M, Todd C, Sremanakova J, Sowerbutts AM, Aldossari A, et al. Prevalence of undernutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling people aged 50 years and above: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(8):1537.
  245. de Sire A, Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Agostini F, de Sire R, Ferrara PE, et al. Sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and oral frailty in elderly: A comprehensive review. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):982.
  246. Hubbard GP, Holdoway A, Bolch R. Analysis of micronutrient intakes from 24 h diet recalls in malnourished community-based elderly patients and comparison with the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and reference nutrient intake (RNI) levels. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009;68:E9.
  247. Riddle E, Munoz N, Clark K, Collins N, Coltman A, Nasrallah L, et al. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition in older adults living in long-term care or the community: An evidence-based nutrition practice guideline. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2024;124(7):896-916.
  248. Suominen M, Jussila H, Salmenius-Suominen H, Rapo J. Energy and protein intake of older residents in private nursing homes in Finland. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020;79(OCE2):E363.
  249. Almohaisen RA, Braun KL, Novotny R, Shvetsov YB. The association between undernutrition, frailty, and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(15):1537.
  250. Borkent J, Manders M, Nijhof A, Wijker L, Feskens E, Naumann E, et al. Too low protein and energy intake in nursing home residents. Nutrition. 2023;110:112005.
  251. Woods JL, Walker KZ, Iuliano BS, Strauss BJ. Malnutrition on the menu: nutritional status of institutionalised elderly Australians in low-level care. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(8):693-8.
  252. Rattray M, Roberts S. Identification and nutritional management of malnutrition and frailty in the community: The process used to develop an Australian and New Zealand guide. Aust J Prim Health. 2024;30:PY22218.
  253. Coelho-Júnior HJ, Rodrigues B, Uchida M, Marzetti E. Low protein intake is associated with frailty in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1334.
  254. Stratton RJ. Malnutrition: another health inequality? Proc Nutr Soc. 2007;66(4):522-9.
  255. Wouters-Wesseling W, Wouters AE, Kleijer CN, Bindels JG, De Groot CP, van Staveren WA. Study of the effect of a liquid nutrition supplement on the nutritional status of psycho-geriatric nursing home patients. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(3):245-51.
  256. Toffanello ED, Inelmen EM, Minicuci N, Campigotto F, Sergi G, Coin A, et al. Ten-year trends in vitamin intake in free-living healthy elderly people: the risk of subclinical malnutrition. J Nutr Health Aging. 2011;15(2):99-103.
  257. Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam. Micronutrients and health in older populations: General introduction [Internet]. Rotterdam: Erasmus University Rotterdam; 2022. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1765/135290.
  258. Lammes E, Akner G. Repeated assessment of energy and nutrient intake in 52 nursing home residents. J Nutr Health Aging. 2006;10(3):222-30.
  259. Vural Z, Avery A, Kalogiros DI, Coneyworth LJ, Welham SJM. Trace mineral intake and deficiencies in older adults living in the community and institutions: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1072.
  260. Mascarenhas MR, Meyers R, Konek S. Outpatient nutrition management of the neurologically impaired child. Nutr Clin Pract. 2008;23(6):597-607.
  261. Kuperminc MN, Stevenson RD. Growth and nutrition disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14:137-46.
  262. Corsello A, Scatigno L, Govoni A, Zuccotti G, Gottrand F, Romano C, et al. Gut dysmotility in children with neurological impairment: The nutritional management. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1200101.
  263. Ghosh S. Factors responsible for childhood malnutrition: A review of the literature. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci. 2020;8(2):360-70.
  264. Katoch OR. Determinants of malnutrition among children: A systematic review. Nutrition. 2021;96:111565.
  265. Kilpinen-Loisa P, Pihko H, Vesander U, Paganus A, Ritanen U, Makitie O. Insufficient energy and nutrient intake in children with motor disability. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(8):1329-33.
  266. Sandler A, Sun L. The socio-environmental determinants of childhood malnutrition: A spatial and hierarchical analysis. Nutrients. 2024;16(13):2014.
  267. Sullivan PB, Juszczak E, Lambert BR, Rose M, Ford-Adams ME, Johnson A. Impact of feeding problems on nutritional intake and growth: Oxford Feeding Study II. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(7):461-7.
  268. Rees L, Shaw V. Nutrition in children with CRF and on dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007;22(10):1689-702.
  269. Pons R, Whitten KE, Woodhead H, Leach ST, Lemberg DA, Day AS. Dietary intakes of children with Crohn’s disease. Br J Nutr. 2009;102(7):1052-7.
  270. Battelino N, Rus R, Novljan G. Nutritional requirements in children with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2016;14:44-6.
  271. Cook WB, Cawood AL, Stratton RJ. A national survey of general practitioner understanding and awareness of malnutrition. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E545.
  272. Donini LM, Savina C, Piredda M, Cucinotta D, Fiorito A, Inelmen EM, et al. Senile anorexia in acute-ward and rehabilitations settings. J Nutr Health Aging. 2008;12(8):511-7.
  273. Arvanitakis M, Beck A, Coppens P, De Man F, Elia M, Hebuterne X, et al. Nutrition in care homes and home care: how to implement adequate strategies (report of the Brussels Forum (22-23 November 2007)). Clin Nutr. 2008;27(4):481-8.
  274. Thibault R, Chikhi M, Clerc A, Darmon P, Chopard P, Genton L, et al. Assessment of food intake in hospitalised patients: a 10-year comparative study of a prospective hospital survey. Clin Nutr. 2011;30(3):289-96.
  275. Nightingale JM, Reeves J. Knowledge about the assessment and management of undernutrition: a pilot questionnaire in a UK teaching hospital. Clin Nutr. 1999;18(1):23-7.
  276. Vandewoude M, Michel J-P, Knight P, Anthony P, Glencorse C, Engfer M. Variability of nutritional practice by geriatricians across Europe. Eur Geriatr Med. 2011;2:67-70.
  277. Humphreys J, de la Maza P, Hirsch S, Barrera G, Gattas V, Bunout D. Muscle strength as a predictor of loss of functional status in hospitalized patients. Nutrition. 2002;18(7-8):616-20.
  278. Marusic U, Narici M, Simunic B, Pisot R, Ritzmann R. Nonuniform loss of muscle strength and atrophy during bed rest: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol. 2021;131(1):194-206.
  279. Dirks ML, Wall BT, Van De Valk B, Holloway TM, Holloway GP, Chabowski A, et al. One week of bed rest leads to substantial muscle atrophy and induces whole-body insulin resistance in the absence of skeletal muscle lipid accumulation. Diabetes. 2016;65(10):2862-75.
  280. Mendonça N, Hengeveld LM, Visser M, Presse N, Canhão H, Simonsick EM, et al. Low protein intake, physical activity, and physical function in European and North American community-dwelling older adults: a pooled analysis of four longitudinal aging cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;114(1):29-41.
  281. Visser M, Deeg DJ, Puts MT, Seidell JC, Lips P. Low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in older persons and the risk of nursing home admission. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84(3):616-22.
  282. Snijder MB, van Schoor NM, Pluijm SM, van Dam RM, Visser M, Lips P. Vitamin D status in relation to one-year risk of recurrent falling in older men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(8):2980-5.
  283. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146-56.
  284. Ballesteros-Pomar MD, Gajete-Martín LM, Pintor-De-La-Maza B, González-Arnáiz E, González-Roza L, García-Pérez MP, et al. Disease-related malnutrition and sarcopenia predict worse outcome in medical inpatients: a cohort study. Nutrients. 2021;13(9):2937.
  285. Bossi P, Delrio P, Mascheroni A, Zanetti M. The spectrum of malnutrition/cachexia/sarcopenia in oncology according to different cancer types and settings: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2021;13(6):1980.
  286. Zhang X, Edwards BJ. Malnutrition in older adults with cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2019;21:1-2.
  287. Kaiser MJ, Bandinelli S, Lunenfeld B. The nutritional pattern of frailty - Proceedings from the 5th Italian Congress of Endocrinology of Aging, Parma, Italy, 27-28 March 2009. Aging Male. 2009;12(4):87-94.
  288. Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Sánchez B, Carnicero-Carreño JA, Sepúlveda-Loyola W, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Healthcare cost expenditures associated to frailty and sarcopenia. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):747.
  289. Merchant RA, Dong YQ, Kumari S, Murphy D. Frailty, malnutrition, healthcare utilization, and mortality in patients with dementia and cognitive impairment obtained from hospital administrative data. Front Med. 2025;12:1540050.
  290. Feng W, Wang J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Sun Z, Chen Y. Association between malnutrition and cognitive frailty in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs. 2024;58:488-97.
  291. Kalache A, Kickbusch I. A global strategy for healthy ageing. World Health. 1997;4:4-5.
  292. Steinkamp G, Wiedemann B, on behalf of the German CFQA Group. Relationship between nutritional status and lung function in cystic fibrosis: cross sectional and longitudinal analyses from the German CF quality assurance (CFQA) project. Thorax. 2002;57:596-601.
  293. Walsh D, Szafranski M, Aktas A, Kadakia KC. Malnutrition in cancer care: time to address the elephant in the room. J Oncol Pract.
  294. Sánchez-Rodríguez D, De Meester D, Minon L, Claessens M, Gümüs N, Lieten S, et al. Association between malnutrition assessed by the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria and mortality in older people: A scoping review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(7):5320.
  295. Akagündüz DD, Şahin H, Akagündüz B. Malnutrition and related factors in older patients with gastrointestinal cancer receiving chemotherapy. Cureus. 2024;16(4).
  296. Kiss N, Prado CM, Daly RM, Denehy L, Edbrooke L, Baguley BJ, et al. Low muscle mass, malnutrition, sarcopenia, and associations with survival in adults with cancer in the UK Biobank cohort. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14(4):1775-88.
  297. Bauer JM, Pattwell M, Barazzoni R, Battisti NML, Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, Hamaker ME, et al. Systematic nutritional screening and assessment in older patients: Rationale for its integration into oncology practice. Eur J Cancer. 2024;209:114237.
  298. Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Quiete S, Vendemiale G. Malnutrition in hospitalized old patients: screening and diagnosis, clinical outcomes, and management. Nutrients. 2022;14(4):910.
  299. Sorensen J, Kondrup J, Prokopowicz J, Schiesser M, Krahenbuhl L, Meier R, et al. EuroOOPS: an international, multicentre study to implement nutritional risk screening and evaluate clinical outcome. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(3):340-9.
  300. Zhang X, Tang T, Pang L, Sharma SV, Li R, Nyitray AG, et al. Malnutrition and overall survival in older adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Geriatr Oncol. 2019;10(6):874-83.
  301. Collins PF, Elia M, Smith TR, Kurukulaaratchy R, Cawood AL, Stratton RJ. The impact of malnutrition on hospitalisation and mortality in outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E148.
  302. Stratton RJ, King CL, Stroud MA, Jackson AA, Elia M. ‘Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool’ predicts mortality and length of hospital stay in acutely ill elderly. Br J Nutr. 2006;95(2):325-30.
  303. Stratton RJ, Elia M. Deprivation linked to malnutrition risk and mortality in hospital. Br J Nutr. 2006;96(5):870-6.
  304. Moy RJD, Smallman S, Booth IW. Malnutrition in a UK children’s hospital. J Hum Nutr Diet. 1990;3:93-100.
  305. Eskedal LT, Hagemo PS, Seem E, Eskild A, Cvancarova M, Seiler S, et al. Impaired weight gain predicts risk of late death after surgery for congenital heart defects. Arch Dis Child. 2008;93(6):495-501.
  306. Sala A, Rossi E, Antillon F, Molina AL, de Maseli T, Bonilla M, et al. Nutritional status at diagnosis is related to clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with cancer: a perspective from Central America. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48(2):243-52.
  307. Schneider SM, Veyres P, Pivot X, Soummer AM, Jambou P, Filippi J, et al. Malnutrition is an independent factor associated with nosocomial infections. Br J Nutr. 2004;92(1):105-11.
  308. Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Stone KL, Cauley JA, Bowman PJ, Cummings SR. Intentional and unintentional weight loss increase bone loss and hip fracture risk in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(12):1740-7.
  309. Schwegler I, von Holzen A, Gutzwiller JP, Schlumpf R, Muhlebach S, Stanga Z. Nutritional risk is a clinical predictor of postoperative mortality and morbidity in surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2010;97(1):92-7.
  310. Andreyev HJ, Norman AR, Oates J, Cunningham D. Why do patients with weight loss have a worse outcome when undergoing chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies? Eur J Cancer. 1998;34(4):503-9.
  311. Argiles JM. Cancer-associated malnutrition. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2005;9 Suppl 2:S39-S50.
  312. Morton M, Patterson J, Sciuva J, Perni J, Backes F, Nagel C, O'Malley DM, Chambers LM. Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cancer cachexia in gynecologic cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 2023;175:142-55.
  313. Baracos VE. Cancer-associated malnutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72(9):1255-1259.
  314. Zhang Z, Wan Z, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Wan H. Prevalence of malnutrition comparing NRS2002, MUST, and PG-SGA with the GLIM criteria in adults with cancer: A multi-center study. Nutrition. 2021;83:111072.
  315. Xie H, Yuan K, Ruan G, Wei L, Zhang H, Ge Y, et al. Improving the assessment of malnutrition in cancer: using systemic inflammation markers as a supplement to the inflammation items of the GLIM criteria. Clin Nutr. 2023;42(10):2036-2044.
  316. de Souza MF, Leite HP, Koch Nogueira PC. Malnutrition as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in critically ill children. Nutrition. 2012;28(3):267-270.
  317. Franke J, Bishop C, Runco DV. Malnutrition screening and treatment in pediatric oncology: a scoping review. BMC Nutr. 2022;8(1):150.
  318. Agostoni C, Axelson I, Colomb V, Goulet O, Koletzko B, Michaelsen KF, et al. The need for nutrition support teams in pediatric units: a commentary by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005;41(1):8-11.
  319. Corbett SS, Drewett RF. To what extent is failure to thrive in infancy associated with poorer cognitive development? A review and meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004;45(3):641-654.
  320. Kar BR, Rao SL, Chandramouli BA. Cognitive development in children with chronic protein energy malnutrition. Behav Brain Funct. 2008;4:31.
  321. Emond AM, Blair PS, Emmett PM, Drewett RF. Weight faltering in infancy and IQ levels at 8 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):e1051-e1058.
  322. Black MM, Dubowitz H, Krishnakumar A, Starr RH Jr. Early intervention and recovery among children with failure to thrive: follow-up at age 8. Pediatrics. 2007;120(1):59-69.
  323. Walson JL, Berkley JA. The impact of malnutrition on childhood infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2018;31(3):231-236.
  324. Norman K, Pichard C, Lochs H, Pirlich M. Prognostic impact of disease-related malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2008;27(1):5-15.
  325. León-Sanz M, Brosa M, Planas M, García-de-Lorenzo A, Celaya-Pérez S, Hernández JÁ, et al. PREDyCES study: the cost of hospital malnutrition in Spain. Nutrition. 2015;31(9):1096-102.
  326. Abdelhadi RA, Bouma S, Bairdain S, Wolff J, Legro A, Plogsted S, et al; ASPEN Malnutrition Committee. Characteristics of hospitalized children with a diagnosis of malnutrition: United States, 2010. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(5):623-35.
  327. Leandro-Merhi VA, De Aquino JL, Sales Chagas JF. Nutrition status and risk factors associated with length of hospital stay for surgical patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011;35(2):241-8.
  328. Curtis LJ, Bernier P, Jeejeebhoy K, Allard J, Duerksen D, Gramlich L, et al. Costs of hospital malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(5):1391-6.
  329. Pernicka E, Wilson L, Bauer P, Schindler K, Hiesmayr M. Malnutrition assessed by BMI and weight loss causes increased length of hospital stay. Results of the nutritionDay study [abstract]. Clin Nutr. 2010;5 Suppl 2:168.
  330. Jean-Claude M, Emmanuelle P, Juliette H, Michèle B, Gérard D, Eric F, et al. Clinical and economic impact of malnutrition per se on the postoperative course of colorectal cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;31(6):896-902.
  331. Nitenberg GM, Preaud E, Carles J, Hebuterne X, Duru G, Melchior JC. Medico-economic impact of malnutrition on the post-operative course of colorectal cancer patients [abstract]. Clin Nutr. 2011;6(Suppl 1):149.
  332. Grigioni S, Leff M, Amsellem C, Dechelotte P. Undernutrition and medico-economic impact of malnutrition in a university hospital [abstract]. Clin Nutr. 2010;5(Suppl 2):164-5.
  333. Thomas MN, Kufeldt J, Kisser U, Hornung HM, Hoffmann J, Andraschko M, et al. Effects of malnutrition on complication rates, length of hospital stay, and revenue in elective surgical patients in the G-DRG-system. Nutrition. 2016;32(2):249-54.
  334. Álvarez Hernández J, León Sanz M, Planas Vilá M, et al. Prevalence and costs of malnutrition in hospitalized dysphagic patients: a sub-analysis of the PREDyCES study. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(4):1830-6.
  335. Gastalver-Martin C, Alarcon-Payer C, Leon-Sanz M. Individualized measurement of disease-related malnutrition’s costs. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(5):951-5.
  336. de Luis D, Lopez Guzman A. Nutritional status of adult patients admitted to internal medicine departments in public hospitals in Castilla y Leon, Spain - A multi-center study. Eur J Intern Med. 2006;17(8):556-60.
  337. Planas M, Audivert S, Perez-Portabella C, Burgos R, Puiggros C, Casanelles JM, et al. Nutritional status among adult patients admitted to a university-affiliated hospital in Spain at the time of genoma. Clin Nutr. 2004;23(5):1016-24.
  338. Gomes F, Emery PW, Weekes CE. Risk of malnutrition is an independent predictor of mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs in stroke patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(4):799-806.
  339. Slee A, Birch D, Stokoe D. The relationship between malnutrition risk and clinical outcomes in a cohort of frail older hospital patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2016;15:57-62.
  340. Czapla M, Uchmanowicz I, Juárez-Vela R, Durante A, Kałużna-Oleksy M, Łokieć K, et al. Relationship between nutritional status and length of hospital stay among patients with atrial fibrillation–a result of the nutritional status heart study. Front Nutr. 2022;9:1086715.
  341. van Vliet IM, Gomes-Neto AW, de Jong MF, Jager-Wittenaar H, Navis GJ. High prevalence of malnutrition both on hospital admission and predischarge. Nutrition. 2020;77:110814.
  342. Hudson L, Chittams J, Griffith C, Compher C. Malnutrition identified by Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition is associated with more 30‐day readmissions, greater hospital mortality, and longer hospital stays: a retrospective analysis of nutrition assessment data in a major medical center. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(5):892-7.
  343. Rinninella E, Cintoni M, De Lorenzo A, Addolorato G, Vassallo G, Moroni R, et al. Risk, prevalence, and impact of hospital malnutrition in a Tertiary Care Referral University Hospital: a cross-sectional study. Intern Emerg Med. 2018;13(5):689-97.
  344. Meissner C, Otto R, Fahlke J, Mueller M, Ridwelski K. Relationship between nutritional status and length of hospital stay in oncological surgery [abstract]. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(15_suppl):e13591.
  345. Lengfelder L, Mahlke S, Moore L, Zhang X, Williams G 3rd, Lee J. Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on length of stay, readmission, and discharge destination. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2022;46(6):1335-42.
  346. Martín-Palmero Á, Serrano-Pérez A, Cámara-Balda A, Villar-García G, Marín-Lizárraga M del M. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients: results from La Rioja. Nutr Hosp. 2017;34(2):402-6.
  347. Feldblum I, German L, Bilenko N, Shahar A, Enten R, Greenberg D, et al. Nutritional risk and health care use before and after an acute hospitalization among the elderly. Nutrition. 2009;25(4):415-20.
  348. Cawood AL, Rust S, Walters E, Stratton RJ, Elia M. The impact of malnutrition on health care use in hospital outpatients [abstract]. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010;69:E149.
  349. Niseteo T, Hojsak I, Kolaček S. Malnourished children acquire nosocomial infections more often and have significantly increased length of hospital stay. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(5):1560-3.
  350. Elia M, Stratton RJ, Russell C, Green CJ, Pang F. The cost of disease-related malnutrition in the UK and economic considerations for the use of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in adults. Redditch: BAPEN; 2005.
  351. Rice N, Normand C. The cost associated with disease-related malnutrition in Ireland. Public Health Nutr. 2012 Feb 8:1-7.
  352. Ljungqvist O, de Man F. Undernutrition - a major health problem in Europe. Nutr Hosp. 2009;24(3):368-70.
  353. Ljungqvist O, Van Gossum A, Sanz ML, De Man F. The European fight against malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(2):149-50.
  354. Elia M. The cost of malnutrition in England and potential cost savings from nutritional interventions. Redditch: BAPEN; 2015.
  355. Elia M, Stratton RJ. Calculating the cost of disease-related malnutrition in the UK in 2007 (public expenditure only). In: Elia M, Stratton RJ, editors. Combating Malnutrition: Recommendations for action. Redditch: BAPEN; 2009.
  356. Frontier Economics. Estimating the full costs of obesity in the UK. London: Frontier Economics; 2022. Available from: https://www.frontier-economics.com/media/hgwd4e4a/the-full-cost-of-obesity-in-the-uk.pdf
  357. Morgan E, Dent M. The economic burden of obesity. Oxford: The National Obesity Observatory; 2010.
  358. Pradelli L, Zaniolo O, Sanfilippo A, Lezo A, Riso S, Zanetti M. Prevalence and economic cost of malnutrition in Italy: A systematic review and metanalysis from the Italian Society of Artificial Nutrition and Metabolism (SINPE). Nutrition. 2023;108:111943.
  359. Marin S, Serra-Prat M, Ortega O, Clavé P. Healthcare-related cost of oropharyngeal dysphagia and its complications pneumonia and malnutrition after stroke: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2020;10(8):e031629.
  360. Buitrago G, Vargas J, Sulo S, Partridge JS, Guevara-Nieto M, Gomez G, et al. Targeting malnutrition: nutrition programs yield cost savings for hospitalized patients. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(9):2896-901.
  361. Snider JT, Linthicum MT, Wu Y, LaVallee C, Lakdawalla DN, Hegazi R, et al. Economic burden of community-based disease-associated malnutrition in the United States. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2014;38:77S-85S.
  362. Rodríguez-Mañas L, Abizanda P, Barcons N, Lizán L. Malnutrition in institutionalized and community-dwelling older adults in Spain: estimates of its costs to the national health system. Value Health. 2014;17(7):A507.
  363. Freijer K, van Puffelen E, Joosten KF, Hulst JM, Koopmanschap MA. The costs of disease related malnutrition in hospitalized children. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018;23:228-33.
  364. Linthicum MT, Thornton Snider J, Vaithianathan R, et al. Economic burden of disease-associated malnutrition in China. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27(2):407-17.
  365. Benković V, Kolčić I, Ivičević Uhernik A, Oreb I, Stevanović R, Krznarić Ž. The economic burden of disease-related undernutrition in selected chronic diseases. Clin Nutr. 2014;33(4):689-93.
  366. Cepton. Malnutrition in Germany: A study on disease-related malnutrition and the benefits of clinical nutrition concepts. Munich: Cepton; 2007.
  367. Kok L, Koopmans C. Malnutrition underestimated: The costs of malnutrition and the return on medical nutrition. Amsterdam: SEO economic research; 2014.
  368. Freijer K, Tan SS, Koopmanschap MA, Meijers JM, Halfens RJ, Nuijten MJ. The economic costs of disease-related malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(1):136-41.
  369. Rowell DS, Jackson TJ. Additional costs of inpatient malnutrition, Victoria, Australia, 2003-2004. Eur J Health Econ. 2011;12(4):353-61.
  370. Banks MD, Graves N, Bauer JD, Ash S. The costs arising from pressure ulcers attributable to malnutrition. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(2):180-6.
  371. Ethgen O, Spaegen E, Moeremans K, Annemans L. Economic impact of hospital malnutrition [abstract]. Value Health. 2005;8(6):A68-9.
  372. Guerra RS, Sousa AS, Fonseca I, et al. Comparative analysis of undernutrition screening and diagnostic tools as predictors of hospitalisation costs. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016;29(2):165-73.
  373. Baumeister SE, Fischer B, Doring A, Koenig W, Zierer A, John J, et al. The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index predicts increased healthcare costs and hospitalization in a cohort of community-dwelling older adults: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort study, 1994-2005. Nutrition. 2011;27(5):534-42.
  374. Meijers JM, Halfens RJ, Wilson L, Schols JM. Estimating the costs associated with malnutrition in Dutch nursing homes. Clin Nutr. 2012;31(1):65-8.
  375. Collins PF, Stratton RJ, Elia M. An economic analysis of the costs associated with weight status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [abstract]. Proc Nutr Soc. 2011;70(OCE5):E324.
  376. Kittisakmontri K, Sukhosa O. The financial burden of malnutrition in hospitalized pediatric patients under five years of age. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2016;15:38-43.

Select a section below to view its references.

Next section →References for Medical nutrition - Section 2
Scroll to Top