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17.4 References for Use and Benefits Of Enteral Tube Feeding (ETF) – Section 3.2

  1. Mohamed Elfadil O, Velapati SR, Patel J, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. Enteral nutrition therapy: historical perspective, utilization, and complications. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2024;26(8):200-10.
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  4. Boullata JI, Carrera AL, Harvey L, Escuro AA, Hudson L, Mays A, et al. ASPEN safe practices for enteral nutrition therapy. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2017;41(1):15-103.
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  8. Ojo O. The challenges of home enteral tube feeding: a global perspective. Nutrients. 2015;7(4):2524-38.
  9. Smith TM, Hirst A, Stratton R. Artificial Nutrition Support in the UK 2000–2010. Redditch: BAPEN; 2011.
  10. Pironi L. Development of home artificial nutrition in Italy over a seven year period: 2005–2012. BMC Nutr. 2017;3:6.
  11. Wanden-Berghe C, Álvarez Hernández J, Burgos Peláez R. Home enteral nutrition: Spanish registry of NADYA-SENPE group for the year 2013. Nutr Hosp. 2015;31(6):2518-22.
  12. Chang WK, Lin KT, Tsai CL, Chung CH, Chien WC, Lin CS. Trends regarding percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: A nationwide population-based study from 1997 to 2010. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(24):e3910.
  13. Hsu CY, Lai JN, Kung WM, Hung CH, Yip HT, Chang YC, et al. Nationwide prevalence and outcomes of long-term nasogastric tube placement in adults. Nutrients. 2022;14(9):1748.
  14. Hubbard GP, Andrews S, White S, Simpson G, Topen S, Carnie L, et al. A survey of bolus tube feeding prevalence and practice in adult patients requiring home enteral tube feeding. Br J Nutr. 2019;122(11):1271-8.
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  16. Cuerda C, Planas M, Gomez Candela C, Luengo LM. Trends in home enteral nutrition in Spain: analysis of the NADYA registry 1992-2007. Nutr Hosp. 2009;24(3):347-53.
  17. Klek S, Pawlowska D, Dziwiszek G, Komoń H, Compala P, Nawojski M. The evolution of home enteral nutrition (HEN) in Poland during five years after implementation: a multicentre study. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(1):196-201.
  18. Gramlich L, Hurt RT, Jin J, Mundi MS. Home enteral nutrition: towards a standard of care. Nutrients. 2018;10(8):1020.
  19. Pironi L, Candusso M, Biondo A, Bosco A, Castaldi A, Contaldo F, et al. Prevalence of home artificial nutrition in Italy in 2005: a survey by the Italian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (SINPE). Clin Nutr. 2007;26(1):123-32.
  20. Wanden-Berghe C, de la Cuerda Compés C, Lobo G, Martínez Olmos MÁ, De Luis Román DA, Marín G, et al. The NADYA-SENPE home enteral nutrition registry in Spain: years 2018 and 2019. Nutr Hosp. 2022;39(1):223-9.
  21. Bellido-Guerrero D. Epidemiology of home enteral nutrition: an approximation to reality. Nutr Hosp. 2018;35(3):511-8.
  22. Martin L, Blomberg J, Lagergren P. Patients' perspectives of living with a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). BMC Gastroenterol. 2012;12:126.
  23. Boland K, Maher N, O'Hanlon C, O'Sullivan M, Rice N, Smyth M, et al. Home enteral nutrition recipients: patient perspectives on training, complications and satisfaction. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2017;8(1):79-84.
  24. Wirth R, Bauer JM, Willschrei HP, Volkert D, Sieber CC. Prevalence of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in nursing home residents–a nationwide survey in Germany. Gerontology. 2010;56(4):371-7.
  25. Paccagnella A, Marcon ML, Baruffi C, Giometto M, Mauri A, Vigo C, et al. Enteral nutrition at home and in nursing homes: an 11-year (2002-2012) epidemiological analysis. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2016;62(1):1-10.
  26. Stratton R, Evill R, Smith T. Home Enteral Tube Feeding (HETF) in Adults (2010-2015). Redditch: BAPEN; 2018.
  27. Bjuresäter K, Larsson M, Athlin E, Nordström G. Patients living with home enteral tube feeding: Side effects, health-related quality of life and nutritional care. Clin Nurs Stud. 2014;2(3):64-7.
  28. Volkert D, Pauly L, Stehle P, Sieber CC. Prevalence of malnutrition in orally and tube-fed elderly nursing home residents in Germany and its relation to health complaints and dietary intake. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2011;2011:247315.
  29. Ruggeri E, Giannantonio M, Ostan R, Agostini F, Sasdelli AS, Valeriani L, et al. Choice of access route for artificial nutrition in cancer patients: 30 y of activity in a home palliative care setting. Nutrition. 2021;90:111264.
  30. Klek S, Hermanowicz A, Dziwiszek G, Matysiak K, Szczepanek K, Szybinski P, et al. Home enteral nutrition reduces complications, length of stay, and health care costs: results from a multicenter study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(2):609-15.
  31. Bérat CM, Roda C, Brassier A, Bouchereau J, Wicker C, Servais A, et al. Enteral tube feeding in patients receiving dietary treatment for metabolic diseases: A retrospective analysis in a large French cohort. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 2021;26:100655.
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  33. Yi DY. Enteral nutrition in pediatric patients. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2018;21(1):12-9.
  34. Krom H, van Zundert SMC, Otten MA, van der Sluijs Veer L, Benninga MA, Kindermann A. Prevalence and side effects of pediatric home tube feeding. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(1):234-9.
  35. Gomez-Lopez L, Martinez-Costa C, Pedron-Giner C, Calderon-Garrido C, Navas Lopez VM, Martinez Zazo A, et al. Current status of pediatric home enteral nutrition in Spain: the importance of the NEPAD register. Nutr Hosp. 2010;25(5):810-3.
  36. Diamanti A, Di Ciommo VM, Tentolini A, Lezo A, Spagnuolo MI, Campanozzi A, et al. Home enteral nutrition in children: a 14-year multicenter survey. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2013;67(1):53-7.
  37. Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Popinska K, Toporowska-Kowalska E, Borkowska A, Sibilska M, Gebora-Kowalska B, et al. Home enteral nutrition in children–2010 nationwide survey of the Polish Society for Clinical Nutrition of Children. Eur J Pediatr. 2012;171(4):719-23.
  38. Jelleyman T. Long-Term Enteral Nutrition Survey New Zealand Child Health Services. Wellington: Paediatric Society of New Zealand; 2013.
  39. Wyszomirska K, Wyszomirski A, Brzeziński M, Borkowska A, Zagierski M, Kierkuś J, et al. Home artificial nutrition in Polish children: an analysis of 9-year national healthcare provider data. Nutrients. 2021;13(3):1007.
  40. Mundi MS, Pattinson A, McMahon MT, Davidson J, Hurt RT. Prevalence of home parenteral and enteral nutrition in the United States. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32(6):799-805.
  41. Page B, Nawaz R, Haden S, Vincent C, Lee AC. Paediatric enteral feeding at home: an analysis of patient safety incidents. Arch Dis Child. 2019;104(12):1174-80.
  42. Romano C, Lionetti P, Spagnuolo MI, Amarri S, Diamanti A, Verduci E, et al. Trends and challenges in home enteral feeding methods for children with gastrointestinal disorders: an expert review on bolus feeding delivery methods. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;18(4-5):193-202.
  43. Lezo A, Capriati T, Spagnuolo MI, Lacitignola L, Goreva I, Di Leo G, et al. Paediatric home artificial nutrition in Italy: Report from 2016 survey on behalf of artificial nutrition network of Italian society for gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP). Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1311.
  44. Zambelli L, Aumar M, Ley D, Antoine M, Coopman S, Morcel J, et al. Home enteral nutrition does not decrease oral feeding in children during the first year of nutritional support. Clin Nutr. 2024;43(3):781-6.
  45. Singh H, Morrison M, McIltrot K. Education following pediatric gastrostomy tube placement: an integrative review. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;61:387-93.
  46. Russell M, Jewell V, Poskey GA, Russell A. Enteral feeding and its impact on family mealtime routines for caregivers of children with cerebral palsy: A mixed method study. Aust Occup Ther J. 2018;65(1):25-34.
  47. Hopwood N, Elliot C, Moraby K, Dadich A. Parenting children who are enterally fed: How families go from surviving to thriving. Child Care Health Dev. 2020;46(6):741-8.
  48. Pedrón-Giner C, Navas-López VM, Martínez-Zazo AB, Martínez-Costa C, Sánchez-Valverde F, Blasco-Alonso J, et al. Analysis of the Spanish national registry for pediatric home enteral nutrition (NEPAD). Nutr Hosp. 2017;34(2):363-71.
  49. Druml C, Ballmer PE, Druml W, Oehmichen F, Shenkin A, Singer P, et al. ESPEN guideline on ethical aspects of artificial nutrition and hydration. Clin Nutr. 2016;35(3):545-56.
  50. Stratton RJ, Green CJ, Elia M. Disease-related malnutrition: an evidence based approach to treatment. Wallingford: CABI Publishing; 2003.
  51. Bally MR, Blaser Yildirim PZ, Bounoure L, Gloy VL, Mueller B, Briel M, et al. Nutritional Support and Outcomes in Malnourished Medical Inpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(1):43-53.
  52. Woestenenk JW, Castelijns SJ, van der Ent CK, Houwen RH. Nutritional intervention in patients with Cystic Fibrosis: a systematic review. J Cyst Fibros. 2013;12(2):102-15.
  53. Xueting H, Meng Y, Yuqing C, Yutong H, Lihong Q, June Z. Home enteral nutrition and oral nutritional supplements in postoperative patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2021;40(5):3082-93.
  54. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Evidence Update 46. Nutrition support in adults. London: NICE; 2013.
  55. Diamanti A, Capriati T, Mosca A, Trovato CM, Laureti F, Mazzoli B, et al. Neurological impairment and malnutrition in children: the role of home enteral nutrition in real life. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1087603.
  56. Nelson KE, Lacombe-Duncan A, Cohen E, Nicholas DB, Rosella LC, Guttmann A, et al. Family experiences with feeding tubes in neurologic impairment: A systematic review. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):e140-51.
  57. Ojo O, Keaveney E, Wang XH, Feng P. The effect of enteral tube feeding on patients' health-related quality of life: A systematic review. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1046.
  58. Wang X, Dong Y, Han X, Qi XQ, Huang CG, Hou LJ. Nutritional support for patients sustaining traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58838.
  59. Shimmin D, Lowdon J, Remmington T. Enteral tube feeding for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;7:CD001198.
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  61. Cho J, Shin A, Im C. Rapid advancement of enteral nutrition and in-hospital mortality in critically ill adults: A retrospective cohort study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2024;48(7):982-9.
  62. Landais M, Girault C, Bellec F, Guitton C, Henry-Lagarrigue M, Mercier E, et al. Continued enteral nutrition until extubation compared with fasting before extubation in patients in the intensive care unit: an open-label, cluster-randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(4):319-28.
  63. McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, Warren MM, Johnson DR, Braunschweig C, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(2):159-211.
  64. Li X, Ma F, Jia K. Early enteral nutrition within 24 hours or between 24 and 72 hours for acute pancreatitis: evidence based on 12 RCTs. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:2327-35.
  65. Li JY, Yu T, Chen GC, Yuan YH, Zhong W, Zhao LN, et al. Enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission improves clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis by reducing complications: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e64926.
  66. Doig GS, Heighes PT, Simpson F, Sweetman EA. Early enteral nutrition reduces mortality in trauma patients requiring intensive care: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Injury. 2011;42(1):50-6.
  67. Baik SM, Kim M, Lee JG. Comparison of early enteral nutrition versus early parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2025;17(10):10010.
  68. Pu H, Doig GS, Heighes PT, Allingstrup MJ. Early enteral nutrition reduces mortality and improves other key outcomes in patients with major burn injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(12):2036-42.
  69. Qi D, Yu B, Huang J, Peng M. Meta-analysis of early enteral nutrition provided within 24 hours of admission on clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(7):1139-47.
  70. Zheng XX, Jiang LX, Huang M. Early versus delayed enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2019;12(5):4755-63.
  71. Ebaed AB, Abd El-Hamid AM, Abdelgwad MM, Abdelazeem EM. Early versus late enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2025;98(1):1124-37.
  72. Elke G, Wang M, Weiler N, Day AG, Heyland DK. Close to recommended caloric and protein intake by enteral nutrition is associated with better clinical outcome of critically ill septic patients: secondary analysis of a large international nutrition database. Crit Care. 2014;18(1):R29.
  73. Lewis SR, Schofield-Robinson OJ, Alderson P, Smith AF. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition and enteral versus a combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition for adults in the intensive care unit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;6:CD012276.
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  76. Bakker OJ, van Brunschot S, Farre A, Johnson CD, Kalfarentzos F, Louie BE, et al. Timing of enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: meta-analysis of individuals using a single-arm of randomised trials. Pancreatology. 2014;14(5):340-6.
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